Netherlands

To understand the health impacts on individuals who transition to HT, compared to those who continued smoking, Dutch research institute the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) publishes a study on cumulative exposures to eight carcinogens in each product.

They found that – while not risk-free – HT was associated with 10 to 25 times lower exposure to these select carcinogens, and this could translate into a substantially reduced relative risk profile compared to combustible cigarettes.